Dil Bilimi Soruları (Üniversite Dil Öğr. İçin )

TEST1
1. The term onomatopoeic is used to describe ...
words that (are believed to) echo natural sounds
the basis of the oral-gesture source
the physiological adaptation of humans for language
the episode in the Bible that speaks of the origin of language

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2. The vocal chords are situated in ...
the human brain
the larynx
the mouth
the pharynx

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3. The function of language to pass on information is called ...
transactional
interactional
international
translational

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4. The merit of the "yo-heave-ho" theory is that it ...
is less speculative than other theories
places the development of language in a social context
helps rediscover the original language
considers the laterilisation of the brain

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5. The main problem when dealing with the theories of the origin of human language is that ...
there are so many
they are contradictory
they try to disprove the Bible
there is no evidence to prove them right

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6. The term lateralised is used to say that the human brain ...
is highly analytic
is big enough to have developed language
is both interactional and transactional
has two hemispheres

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7. The oldest cave drawings are about ...
200,000 years old
20,000 years old
2,000 years old
200 years old

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8. Ancient cave drawings ...
are the oldest forms of writing
are precursors of writing
are early examples of logograms
prove that writing existed before spoken language

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9. The ... writing system is an example of cuneiform writing.
Egyptian
Chinese
Sumerian
Greek

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10. Ideograms are ...
as abstract as pictograms
more abstract than pictograms
less abstract than pictograms
not abstract at all

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11. In ... writing, the symbol of one entity is also used to refer to the sound of that entity in other contexts.
hieroglyphic
cuneiform
syllabic
Rebus

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12. Cyrillic writing is ...
alphabetic
syllabic
cuneiform
based on pictograms

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13. The spelling of written English was largely fixed ...
in the Roman period
after the Battle of Hastings
at the time of the invention of printing
after the First World War

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14. Communicative signals, as opposed to informative signals, ...
only occur in human language
are sent intentionally
are non-verbal
are not very complex

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15. The ability of human language to refer to things not present in the immediate environment is called ...
discreteness
diversity
duality
displacement

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16. The relationship between linguistic form and meaning is ...
arbitrary
informative
non-directional
onomatopoeic

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17. ... has the longest continuous history of use as a writing system.
Egyptian
Chinese
Greek
English

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18. In logograms, the relationship between the symbol and what is represents is ...
arbitrary
easily recognisable
lateralised
wedge-shaped

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19. The chimpanzee has ... of its basic genetics in common with humans.
10%
33%
50%
99%

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20. Noam Chomsky ...
carried out unsuccessful experiments with chimpanzees
was proved wrong by Terrace's experiments with a chimpanzee
claims that language is an innate ability unique to humans
was the name given by Terrace to one of his chimpanzees


TEST 2
1. The initial sounds in the words bat, pat and mat are all ...
voiced
bilabial
stops
voiceless

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2. The initial sounds in the words thin and there are ...
voiced
voiceless
dentals
alveolars

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3. The initial sounds in the words tip, dip, zoo, so and nut are all ...
alveolars
velars
fricatives
voiced

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4. The initial sounds in the words too and so differ in ...
place of articulation
manner of articulation
voice
nasalisation

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5. The initial sounds in the words we and yes are sometimes called ...
vowels
flaps
glottal stops
semi-vowels

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6. The vowel in heat is a ...
high front vowel
mid central vowel
high back vowel
low front vowel

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7. The first vowel in award is a ...
high front vowel
mid central vowel
high back vowel
low front vowel

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8. The vowel in large is a ...
high front vowel
mid central vowel
high back vowel
low back vowel

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9. In producing ..., we move from one vocalic position to another.
semi-vowels
diphthongs
central vowels
schwa

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10. A phoneme is ...
the smallest meaningful unit of language
the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of language
a variation of the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of language
the physical realisation of the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of language

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11. The initial consonant in pub is a ...
voiceless bilabial stop
voiced bilabial stop
voiceless bilabial fricative
voiced bilabial fricative

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12. The initial consonant in key is a ...
voiced velar fricative
voiceless alveolar fricative
voiced alveolar stop
voiceless velar stop

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13. The initial consonant in veil is a ...
voiced labiodental fricative
voiceless labiodental fricative
voiced dental fricative
voiceless labiodental fricative

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14. If the production of a sound is accompanied by a particularly strong stream of air we speak of ...
assimilation
aspiration
approximants
affective filter

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15. The vowel in seen, as opposed to the vowel in seat, is usually ...
open
voiced
nasalised
deleted

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16. The words ... form a minimal pair.
site and side
not and knot
leaf and leaves
bed and breakfast

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17. The words ... form a minimal pair.
friend and friendship
food and feet
tough and dough
fit and foot

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18. The occurrence of more than one consonant at the beginning or the end of a a syllabe is known as ...
a consonant cluster
the coda
elision
the onset

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19. Assimilation and elision ...
frequently occur in careful speech
are features of everyday speech
are to be avoided
usually occur in consonant clusters


TEST3
1. The process of inventing a totally new term to add a word to a language is known as ...
coinage
neologism
derivation
calque

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2. One of the most common sources of new words in English is the process known as ...
coinage
borrowing
blending
backformation

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3. The words known as Anglizismen in German belong to the category of ...
borrowing
compounding
calque
analogy

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4. Words such as fingerprint or bookcase belong to the word-formation process known as ...
borrowing
compounding
calque
analogy

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5. Words such as fax or flu belong to the word-formation process known as ...
blending
clipping
backformation
conversion

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6. Words such as boyish or unhappy belong to the word-formation process known as ...
blending
compounding
derivation
conversion

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7. The editor of an influential American dictionary who was criticised for citing words such as advisory or presidential was ...
Benjamin Franklin
William Jones
Noam Chomsky
Noah Webster

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8. A morpheme is ...
the smallest unit of language with a meaning of its own
the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of language
another word for a syllable
an element of language that is attached to a word

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9. The form tourists consists of ... morpheme(s).
one
two
three
four

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10. The form undressed consists of ... morphemes.
one bound, one free
one free, two bound
one bound, two free
three bound

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11. The word the is a ... morpheme.
free lexical
free functional
bound inflectional
bound derivational

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12. The last morpheme in helpless is a ... morpheme.
free lexical
free functional
bound inflectional
bound derivational

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13. English has about ... inflectional morphemes.
8
28
48
88

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14. The last morphemes in older and teacher are both ... morphemes.
bound
inflectional
derivational
functional

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15. There are ... morphemes in The girl's wildness shocked the teachers.
7
9
11
13

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16. The second morpheme in oxen is ...
the stem of the word
a zero-morpheme
an allomorph of the plural morpheme
a derivational morpheme

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17. In linguistic description, the asterisk (*) is used to indicate ...
dangling modifiers
double negation
gross reference
ungrammatical forms

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18. The words large and daily belong to the word class of ...
adjectives
adverbs
prepositions
conjunctions

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19. The words very, suddenly or then belong to the word class of ...
pronouns
adverbs
prepositions
conjunctions

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20. The words but and although belong to the word class of ...
adjectives
pronouns
adverbs
conjunctions

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21. The words who and me belong to the word class of ...
conjunctions
adverbs
pronouns
prepositions

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22. The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called ...
recursion
surface structure
synchronic linguistics
syntax

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23. The particular type of grammar that was developed by Noam Chomsky is known as ...
Immediate Constituent Analysis
the Prescriptive Approach
the Grammar-Translation Method
Generative Grammar

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24. The phrase old men and women is ...
structurally ambiguous
lexically ambiguous
unambiguous
ungrammatical


TEST4
1. When describing the meaning of words in terms of +animate, -human etc. we describe ...
semantic features
semantic roles
lexical relations
prototypes

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2. The ... meaning of the word December is 'the twelfth month of the year'
conceptual
associative
metaphorical
collocational

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3. Words which are very closely related in meaning (such as answer and reply) are ...
homonyms
synonyms
antonyms
hyponyms

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4. Penguin is a ... of bird.
homonym
synonym
hyponym
prototype

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5. The words ... are non-gradable antonyms.
quick and slow
fair and unfair
rich and poor
true and false

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6. The words so and sew are
reversives
homophones
polysemes
co-hyponyms

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7. The tendency of one word to occur in the company of another word (such as fresh and air) is referred to as ...
metonymy
polysemy
collocation
prototypes

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8. Pragmatics deals with ... .
lexical meaning
invisible meaning
conceptual meaning
the meaning of life

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9. Words the meaning of which depends on the physical context (such as here or yesterday) are referred to as ...
indirect speech acts
co-text
deictic expressions
presuppositions

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10. What a speaker thinks is known by the hearer without explicitly saying so can be described as ...
constancy under negation
indirect speech act
presupposition
anaphora

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11. The verbal ties and connections which exist within a text are said to constitute that text's ...
coherence
cohesion
invisible meaning
place deixis

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12. Besides quantity and quality, ... constitute the maxims of the co-operative principle.
schema and script
cohesion and coherence
relation and manner
deep structure and surface structure


Test1
1.a2.b3.a4.b.5.d6.d7.b.8.b9.c10.b11.d12.a13.c14.b1 5.d16.a17b18.a19.d20.c
Test 2
1.b2.c3.a4.b5.d6.a7.b8.d9.b10.b11.a12.d13a14b.15.c 16.a17.d18.a19b
Test3
1.a2.b3.a4.b5.b6.c7.d8.a9.c10.b11.b12.d13.a14.a15. c16.c17.d18.a19.b20.d21.c22d23.d24.a
Test4
1.a2.a.3.b4.c5.d6.b7.c8.b9.c10.c11.b12.c
alıntı....


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